Alternative Deicer from Organic Waste Streams

This report describes a comprehensive laboratory and field evaluation intended to determine the performance of CDS (Condensed Distillers Soluble) in particular and with chloride salt co-products on ice control operations. The study shows when mixed with co-products, CDS is effective for ice control operations, able to melt ice faster and at lower temperatures than traditional ice control agents, with little or no adverse effects on infrastructure or the environment.

Water Pollution and Control

While care must be taken to ensure sewage, storm water and agricultural runoff are controlled in a manner safe to public heath, recreational waters may become readily contaminated by anthropogenic factors.  In fact, “many epidemiological studies have identified gastrointestinal and upper respiratory illnesses in bathers that were a result of such contamination.” [1]

The ideal indicator of fecal contamination of recreational waters would be one of the enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella or Norwalk virus, however, because these are usually present at low levels and are irregularly distributed, even during disease outbreaks, they are difficult to isolate and quantify. [1] Moreover, the absence of one enteric pathogen does not necessarily preclude the absence of another. Testing for every possible waterborne disease-causing microorganism would not be pragmatic and it is therefore common practice to monitor more plentiful but non-pathogenic surrogate bacteria present in human and animal feces.